Avaliação de um material educativo sobre higiene bucal e transtorno do espectro autista sob a ótica dos critérios do BR-CDC-CCI / Evaluation of an educational material on oral hygiene and autism spectrum disorder from the perspective of the BR-CDC-CCI criteria

Objetivo: avaliar a clareza e a qualidade das informações de um material educativo sobre higiene bucal voltado para pacientes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) sob a ótica de critérios preconizados da versão brasileira do Índice de Comunicação Clara em Saúde (BR-CDC-CCI). Materiais e Métodos: foi realizada uma busca no sítio de busca Google (www.google.com) no dia 4 de março de 2023, utilizando os unitermos "cartilha", "higiene bucal" e "pessoa com deficiência". O critério de inclusão envolveu material educativo direcionado a cuidadores de pessoas com TEA desenvolvido por instituição brasileira. Foram excluídos materiais educativos direcionados para profissionais de saúde ou educação, bem como materiais não disponibilizados online. A primeira página de busca revelou um material educativo em saúde bucal para cuidadores de pessoas com TEA, disponibilizado online. O BR-CDC-CCI foi utilizado de forma independente, por duas cirurgiãs-dentistas, para se avaliar o material a partir dos critérios de "Mensagem principal e chamada para ação", "Linguagem", "Design da informação", "Estado da ciência (conhecimento científico), "Recomendações de comportamento", "Números" e "Riscos". Os escores obtidos pelo consenso das avaliadoras para o material, em uma escala de zero a vinte, foram alcançados em uma reunião. Resultados: o material apresentou 100% de conformidade com os critérios exigidos pelo instrumento como mensagem principal destacada, linguagem simples, design atraente, recomendações comportamentais, evidência científica atual, riscos e abordagem adequada da numeracia, demonstrando clareza e qualidade das informações. Conclusão: o material educativo intitulado "Higiene Bucal Para Pessoas Com TEA", apresentou excelente qualidade de acordo com os critérios utilizados. O mesmo cumpre seu objetivo de ajudar pais e profissionais nos cuidados à higiene bucal das pessoas com TEA.

Objective: to evaluate the clarity and quality of information in one educational material on oral hygiene aimed at patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) according to the criteria recommended by the Brazilian version of the Clear Communication in Health Index (BR-CDC-CCI). Materials and Methods: a electronic search was carried out on the Google search site (www.google.com) on March 4th, 2023, using the keywords "cartilha", "higiene bucal" and "pessoa com deficiência". The inclusion criterion involved educational material directed to caregivers of people with ASD developed by a Brazilian institution. Educational materials directed to health or education professionals were excluded, as well as materials not available online. The first search page revealed one oral health educational material for caregivers of people with ASD, available online. The BR-CDC-CCI was used independently by two dentists to assess the material using the criteria of "Main message and call to action", "Language", "Information design", "State of the science (scientific knowledge)", "Behavior recommendations", "Numbers", and "Risks". The scores obtained by the consensus of the evaluators for the material, on a scale of zero to twenty, were reached in a meeting. Results: the material showed 100% compliance with the criteria required by the instrument as highlighted main message, simple language, attractive design, behavioral recommendations, current scientific evidence, risks and appropriate approach to numeracy, demonstrating clarity and quality of information. Conclusion: the educational material entitled "Oral Hygiene for People with Autism" proved to be excellent material and could fulfill its goal of helping parents and professionals in the oral hygiene of people with ASD.

Efectividad del programa educativo "Sonrisas desde el vientre". Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus / Effectiveness of the educational program " Smiles from the womb". Isabel María de Valdivia Maternity Home in Sancti Spíritus

Fundamentación: En el período de gestación el organismo de la mujer sufre modificaciones, transformaciones fisiológicas y psicológicas, además de cambios en los tejidos bucales y cambios de conducta que pueden iniciar enfermedades bucodentales o agravar las ya establecidas. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del programa educativo "Sonrisas desde el vientre" en embarazadas del Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio preexperimental, con diseño antes y después en el período de enero a junio del 2022, la población estuvo constituida por 20 embarazadas ingresadas en el Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico (encuesta) y estadísticos. Se midió la variable conocimiento sobre salud bucodental. Resultados: Los conocimientos antes de la aplicación de programa educativo eran insuficientes (65 %), después de aplicado el programa educativo el 75 % de las embarazadas presentó conocimientos suficientes. Conclusiones: Al culminar la implementación del programa educativo "Sonrisas desde el vientre", se logró un nivel de conocimiento suficiente sobre salud bucodental en la tercera parte de las embarazadas de este hogar materno.

Background: During pregnancy, the women's body goes through many changes, physiological and psychological transformations, as well as changes in the oral cavity tissues and behavioral changes that may initiate oral diseases or aggravate the stablished ones. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the educational program "Smile from the Womb" among pregnant women at the Isabel María de Valdivia Maternity Home in Sancti Spíritus. Methodology: A pre-experimental study with a before and after design was conducted from January to June 2022, the population consisted of 20 pregnant women hospitalized at Isabel María de Valdivia Maternity Home in Sancti Spíritus. Theoretical, empirical (survey) and statistical methods were used. The variable oral health knowledge was measured. Results: Before applying the educational program the knowledge was insufficient (65%), after applying the educational program 75% of pregnant women showed sufficient knowledge. Conclusions: By the end of the "Smile from the Womb" educational program, one third of the pregnant women in this maternity home had achieved a sufficient level of knowledge about oral and dental health.

Práticas de higiene bucal em bebês de 6 meses de idade / Oral hygiene practices in babies aged 6 months

Resumo: Introdução a recomendação mais atual é de que a higiene bucal deve ser iniciada após a erupção do primeiro dente. Porém, há divergência de opiniões a respeito da necessidade ou não da higiene bucal do bebê desdentado. Objetivo: avaliar as práticas maternas de higienização bucal dos bebês menores de 6 meses de idade. Material e método : foi aplicado um formulário digital contendo quatro questões sobre informações sociodemográficas e quatro questões específicas. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva, e os resultados foram comparados estatisticamente entre as crianças que receberam e não receberam higiene bucal antes dos 6 meses de idade. Resultado: pode-se observar que a idade, a escolaridade e a renda familiar das mães que realizavam higiene bucal de seus filhos antes da erupção do primeiro dente foram maiores do que das mães que não realizavam esse tipo de higiene. A idade das crianças, a idade de erupção do primeiro dente, o recebimento de orientações profissionais e o tipo de aleitamento não diferiram entre os grupos. Conclusão: ainda há uma grande parcela de mães que realiza higiene bucal dos bebês edêntulos.

Abstract: Introduction the starts of oral hygiene after the first tooth eruption is the most current recommendation. However, there are differences of opinion regarding whether or not oral hygiene is necessary for edentulous babies. Objective: to evaluate the maternal practices of oral hygiene of babies under 6 months of age. Material and method: a digital form was applied containing 4 questions about sociodemographic information and 4 specific questions. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and the results were statistically compared between children who received and did not receive oral hygiene before 6 months of age. Result: it can be observed that the age, education and family income of mothers who performed oral hygiene before the eruption of the first tooth was higher than that of mothers who did not perform this type of hygiene. The age of the children, age of eruption of the first tooth, whether they received professional guidance and type of breastfeeding did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: there is still a large portion of mothers who perform oral hygiene of edentulous babies.

Development and Validation of an Educational Comic Book for Guidance on the Safe Use of Fluoride Toothpaste by Children

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the elaboration and content validation of a comic book for guidance on the safe use of fluoride toothpaste by children. Material and Methods: Study on the development of educational technology carried out in four phases: 1 - literature review and script; 2 - elaboration of the material (illustrations, layout and design), 3 - validation (Content Validity Index = CVI and Flesch Readability Index = FI), 4 - pilot test to legitimize the material with the target population. Thirty-one individuals participated in the validation, being 07 expert judges and 24 representatives of the lay population, responsible for the daily care of preschool and school-age children. Results: In the validation, CVI= 0.97 (97%), indicating high agreement of the judges' answers; and FI = 92%, which corresponds to "very easy to understand" reading. In the pilot test carried out with the lay population, the 3 assessment blocks had CVI=1.0 (100%). Conclusion: The comic book proved to be valid regarding appearance and content and can be used for health education activities for adults on the use of fluoride toothpaste for oral hygiene in children.

Atenção à saúde bucal de escolares durante a pandemia de COVID-19: relato de experiência / Schoolchildren's oral health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: an experience report

Objective:To report the experience in carrying out educational and preventive activities in oral health for the population of schoolchildren in the inland of Rio Grande do Norte, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:A report of the experience underwent by a dental surgeon working in a basic health unit from inland Potiguar. An active search for the schoolchildren was conducted in partnership between the municipal institutions and the family health team. The activities took place between June and August2020, involving 207schoolchildren. They included infant health promotion actions for children and guardians alike, considering the family context to generate changes.Results: The schoolchildren underwent an oral evaluation, received guidance about oral hygiene and supervised brushing. An Odontogram and a clinical form were filled out. Guidance was offered to parents/guardians in a leaflet, and they were handed in an oral hygiene kit, gifts and a Certificate of Completed Treatment.Conclusion:Through this action, it was possible to monitor the epidemiological situation of oral diseases in the school-aged population and carry out the activities provided for in the Healthat School Program, keeping it implemented, even during a period in which several procedures were suspended due to the pandemic

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the oral health of children: a cross-sectional study among iranian parents

Parents are responsible for their children's health care, and their oral health-related knowledge, attitude, and habits can affect their children's oral health. Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding their children's oral health. Methods: In this study, a sample of 398 parents of 4- to 6-year-old children completed a self-designed questionnaire. The parents' oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices were assessed. Children's oral health was evaluated using decayed, missing, and filled tooth index (dmft). Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 23.0 with a p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Categorical data were reported as frequency (%), and continuous data were reported as mean ± SD. Moreover, Spearman's correlation, multiple regression, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis test, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used. Results: Most of the parents had a satisfactory level of knowledge and positive attitudes regarding their children's oral health. The knowledge and attitude scores were higher among parents with higher education (p<0.001), and the knowledge score was higher among mothers (p=0.004). Also, the attitude score was correlated with the number of decayed, missed, and filled teeth of children (p=0.01, p=0.04, and p=0.007, respectively). However, there was no significant relationship between dmft and the parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices using multiple regression. The mean dmft of children was 6.86 ± 3.56, and most of the parents had poor oral health-related practices. Conclusion: The parents' level of knowledge and attitudes were satisfactory, but they had poor oral health practices. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between children's oral health and their parents' level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Educating programs and strategies are needed to enhance parents' oral health-related attitudes and knowledge and, more importantly, change their oral health practices

Efectividad de un programa educativo sobre salud bucodental dirigido a familiares de niños en grado preescolar / Effectiveness of an educational program on oral health aimed at relatives of preschool children

RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades bucales tienen su inicio en edades tempranas el accionar educativo de la familia es determinante, por ello resulta necesario contribuir a elevar su nivel de información en torno a la salud bucodental. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un programa educativo sobre salud bucodental dirigido a familiares de niños en grado preescolar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio pre-experimental y prospectivo en la Escuela Primaria «Fe del Valle Ramos¼, de Sagua la Grande, en el período de marzo del 2017 a junio del 2018. La población estuvo constituida por 39 familias y la muestra por 36, seleccionadas por un muestreo no probabilístico intencional por criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos. Los empíricos utilizados fueron: cuestionario a las familias, criterio de especialistas y la observación participante. Se analizó como variables el nivel de información sobre salud bucodental y la efectividad del programa educativo. Resultados: La evaluación del nivel de información sobre salud bucodental dirigido a familiares de niños en grado preescolar fue de mal en 24 familias, para un 66,7 %. El programa educativo diseñado contiene 6 temas, distribuidos en 13 actividades; fue valorado por los especialistas de pertinente y factible para ser aplicado posteriormente. Conclusiones: El diseño de un programa educativo sobre salud bucodental dirigido a familiares de niños en grado preescolar contribuyó a elevar el nivel de información de los mismos lo que avala su efectividad y repercutirá positivamente para evitar enfermedades bucales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: oral diseases have their onset at an early age, the educational action of the family is decisive, that is why it is necessary to contribute to raising their level of information on oral health. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program on oral health aimed at relatives of preschool children. Methods: a prospective and pre-experimental was carried out at "Fe del Valle Ramos" school, in Sagua la Grande, from March 2017 to June 2018. The population consisted of 39 families and the sample was made up of 36, who were selected by an intentional non-probabilistic sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used. Family questionnaire, specialist criteria and participant observation were the empirical ones used. The level of information on oral health and the effectiveness of the educational program were analyzed as variables. Results: the evaluation of the level of information on oral health aimed at relatives of children in preschool grade was bad in 24 families (66.7%). The designed educational program contains 6 themes, distributed in 13 activities; it was assessed by the specialists as pertinent and feasible to be applied later. Conclusions: the design of an educational program on oral health aimed at relatives of preschool children contributed to raising their level of information, which supports its effectiveness and will have a positive impact on preventing oral diseases.

Alterações na clínica odontológica decorrentes da Pandemia: a mínima intervenção como a primeira opção em Odontopediatria / Changes in the dental clinic resulting from the Pandemic: minimal intervention as the first option in Pediatric Dentistry

A pandemia pelo novo coronavírus impactou a prática clínica odontológica, trazendo a necessidade de consultas mais rápidas, por vezes remotas, e com diminuição na produção de aerossóis, com o intuito de diminuir a disseminação do vírus Sars-CoV-2. Desta maneira, as técnicas abrangidas pela filosofia da Mínima Intervenção (MI) ganharam destaque pois, além dos benefícios para o momento pandêmico atual, são técnicas pautadas em evidências científicas e que podem ser oferecidas com segurança e de maneira integral à saúde bucal dos pacientes. Neste comentário, nós retomamos como o odontopediatra pode agir de maneira minimamente invasiva desde o diagnóstico ao tratamento mais complexo, além de educar o paciente e envolver a família na mudança comportamental, compreendendo seu papel na conquista da saúde bucal. A odontologia de Mínima Intervenção oferece ao paciente, em qualquer idade ou etapa de desenvolvimento, uma abordagem na qual sua família compreende os riscos e benefícios do plano de tratamento e participa das decisões para a construção de uma nova realidade em saúde.

The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has impacted clinical dental practice, bringing the need for faster consultations, sometimes remote, and with a decrease in the production of aerosols, in order to reduce the spread of the Sars-CoV-2 virus. In this way, the techniques covered by the philosophy of Minimum Intervention (MI) gained prominence because, in addition to the benefits for the current pandemic moment, they are techniques based on scientific evidence and that can be offered safely and in an integral way to the oral health of patients. In this commentary, we revisit how pediatric dentists can act in a minimally invasive way from diagnosis to more complex treatment, in addition to educating the patient and involving the family in behavioral change, understanding their role in achieving oral health. Minimal Intervention Dentistry offers patients, at any age or stage of development, an approach in which their family understands the risks and benefits of the treatment plan and participates in decisions to build a new health reality.

Intervención educativa para mejorar la salud bucal de pacientes portadores de prótesis estomatológicas parciales / Educational intervention to improve the patient's oral health with partial dentures

RESUMEN Fundamento: Las prótesis estomatológicas son una solución estética y funcional a la pérdida de los dientes y contribuyen a la calidad de vida de aquellos que la portan, pero el sistema estomatognático se expone a lesiones cuando no se cumplen las orientaciones para su uso, cuidado e higiene. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del programa educativo para mejorar la salud bucal en pacientes portadores de prótesis estomatológicas parciales. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio preexperimento con medición antes y después de la intervención comunitaria sin grupo de control, en el período de septiembre 2019 a febrero del 2020. Se seleccionaron 50 pacientes mayores de 19 años portadores de prótesis estomatológica parcial, que cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Se utilizó la encuesta, la observación, el criterio de especialistas y el experimento como métodos del nivel empírico y estadístico-matemático para medir las variables: nivel de conocimiento, eficiencia del cepillado bucodental e higiene de las prótesis estomatológicas. Resultados: Al culminar la aplicación del programa educativo se observó un cambio de 6 % a un 52 % del nivel de conocimiento bueno sobre el uso y cuidado de las aparatologías protésica, en la eficiencia del cepillado de un 30 % a un 82 % y de un 8 % a un 68 % de buena higiene en las prótesis. Conclusiones: El programa educativo se evaluó de efectivo al obtener resultados satisfactorios en cuanto a la modificación de los conocimientos y prácticas sobre salud bucal en los pacientes portadores de prótesis estomatológicas.

ABSTRACT Background: Dentures are an esthetic and functional solution to tooth loss and contribute to life quality of those who wear them, but the stomatognathic system is exposed to lesions when guidelines for their use, care and hygiene are not followed. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an educational program to improve oral health in patients with partial dentures. Methodology: A measurement pre-experiment study was conducted before and after community intervention without any control group, from September 2019 to February 2020. 50 patients over 19 years of age wearing partial denture who met the inclusion criteria were selected. Survey, observation, specialist criteria and experiment were used as empirical and statistical-mathematical methods to measure variables: knowledge level, oral brushing efficiency and dentures hygiene. Results: At the end of the application of the educational program, a change was observed from 6 % to 52 % in the good knowledge level on wear and care of prosthetic appliances, in brushing efficiency from 30 % to 82 % and from 8 % to 68 % in prostheses good hygiene. Conclusions: The educational program was assessed as effective in obtaining satisfactory results in terms of modification of oral health knowledge and practices in patients with dentures.

Plan de acción y ejecución sobre salud bucal en una escuela primaria de Villa Clara / An action and execution plan on oral health in a primary school from Villa Clara

RESUMEN El trabajo de promoción de salud, educación para la salud y la prevención de enfermedades es intersectorial y multidisciplinario, por la naturaleza misma de sus objetivos. En el período de marzo a diciembre de 2018 se realizó un estudio de intervención educativa en escolares, padres o tutores y en el personal docente del primer grado de la escuela «13 de marzo», del municipio Santa Clara, provincia de Villa Clara con el objetivo de identificar y dar salida a las necesidades de aprendizaje en dicha población, a través del diseño de un plan de acción y ejecución.

ABSTRACT The work of health promotion, health education and disease prevention is intersectoral and multidisciplinary, due to the very nature of its objectives. An educational intervention study was carried out in schoolchildren, parents or tutors and first-grade teachers from "13 de marzo " school in Santa Clara municipality, Villa Clara province from March to December 2018, with the objective of identifying and giving an outlet to the learning needs in the studied population, through the design of an action and execution plan.

Retenção do conhecimento sobre saúde bucal em uma amostra de escolares de Nova Friburgo / Knowledge retention about oral health in a sample of school children from Nova Friburgo

As medidas de orientação para a prevenção da cárie apoiam-se na educação em saúde bucal do paciente. Este trabalho avaliou a retenção do conhecimento sobre saúde bucal em escolares, antes e depois da realização de oficinas educativas. Após a aprovação no comitê de ética em pesquisa (CEP Nº2.987.965) este estudo foi realizado com crianças do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública em Nova Friburgo-RJ. Um questionário sobre práticas de higiene bucal e dieta, e conhecimento sobre as doenças bucais foi desenvolvido e aplicado antes da realização de oficinas educativas em saúde bucal e 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após. A amostra foi de 136 escolares, 54,4% meninos e 45,6% meninas, com média de idade de 8,7 anos. Antes das oficinas as crianças relataram limpar seus dentes todos os dias (91,2%), pelo menos três vezes ao dia (60,3%), utilizando escova, pasta e fio dental (52,9%); 59,6% das crianças relataram saber o que causava a cárie antes das oficinas; 15 e 30 dias após as oficinas, os percentuais foram de 94,9% e 98,5%, respectivamente (p<0,05), diminuindo para 58,8% após 60 dias. Para a gengivite, apenas 11,8% das crianças relataram saber a causa da doença antes das oficinas; 15 e 30 dias após os percentuais foram de 81,6% e 94,9%, respectivamente, diminuindo para 13,2% após 60 dias. Com base nos resultados observou-se uma diminuição na retenção do conhecimento após 30 dias da realização das atividades educativas, sugerindo que esta população deva receber um programa de educação em saúde bucal de forma continuada.

Guidance measures for the prevention of caries are supported by education in the patient's oral health. This study evaluated the retention of knowledge about oral health in schoolchildren before and after educational workshops. After approval by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP No. 2,987,965) the study was carried out with elementary school children from a public school in Nova Friburgo. A questionnaire on hygiene and dietary practices and knowledge about oral diseases was applied before educational workshops on oral health and 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after. The sample consisted of 136 students, 54.4% boys and 45.6% girls, with an average age of 8.7 years. Before the workshops children reported cleaning their teeth every day (91.2%), at least three times a day (60.3%), using a brush, toothpaste and dental floss (52.9%); 59.6% of children reported knowing what caused decay before participating in the workshops; 15 and 30 days after the workshops the percentages were 94.9% and 98.5%, respectively (p <0.05), decreasing to 58.8% 60 days after. For gingivitis, only 11.8% of children reported knowing the cause of the disease before the workshops; 15 and 30 days after the percentages were 81.6% and 94.9%, respectively, decreasing to 13.2% after 60 days. Based on the results, there was a decrease in knowledge retention after 30 days of educational activities, suggesting that this population should receive an oral health education program on an ongoing basis.

Lesiones bucales, factores de riesgo de cáncer bucal y autopercepción de irritación mecánica crónica en una campaña de prevención en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires / Oral lesions, oral cancer risk factors and self-perception of chronic mechanical irritation in a prevention campaign in Buenos Aires City

Objetivos: i) Describir las características poblaciona- les, la frecuencia de patologías de mucosa bucal y de factores de riesgo asociados al cáncer bucal en una Campaña de Pre- vención y Diagnóstico Precoz de Cáncer Bucal (CPDPCB) en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires; ii) establecer concordancia entre diagnóstico clínico profesional de irritación mecánica crónica (IMC) y autopercepción de trauma. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descrip- tivo retrospectivo, en el que se utilizaron encuestas de 640 pa- cientes que participaron en las CPDPCB del Servicio de Odon- tología del Hospital Alemán entre los años 2016, 2017 y 2018. Se describen las variables demográficas, clínicas y cognitivas, y se analizan empleando chi cuadrado para variables cualitativas y ANOVA para variables cuantitativas comparando los años de campaña. Se realizó un estudio de concordancia entre el diag- nóstico clínico profesional de IMC y el trauma autopercibido mediante test Kappa, sensibilidad y especificidad. Resultados: Los sujetos participantes fueron predomi- nantemente mayores de edad, con bajo consumo de tabaco y alcohol. El porcentaje de pacientes con desórdenes potencial- mente malignos y cáncer bucal fue de 17,2%. La cartelería del hospital y la radio fueron las principales vías de información a los pacientes. El trauma autopercibido no presentó concor- dancia con el diagnóstico clínico profesional de IMC, y mos- tró sensibilidad de 0,41 y especificidad de 0,72. Conclusiones: El nivel de participación de los grupos de mayor riesgo de CBCE en la CPDPCB es bajo, y el perfil epidemiológico de los participantes no coincide generalmente con el perfil de los pacientes con CBCE. La autopercepción de trauma no sería una herramienta confiable para el diagnóstico de IMC (AU)

Aims: i) To describe population characteristics, frequency of oral mucosa pathologies, and risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a Campaign for the Prevention and Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer (CPEDOC), and ii) to establish concordance between professional clinical diagnosis of chronic mechanical irritation (CMI) and self-perception of trauma. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed using surveys of 640 patients who had participated in the CPEDOC conducted by the Dentistry Ser- vice at the Hospital Alemán during 2016, 2017 and 2018. De- mographic, clinical and cognitive variables were described and analyzed, using chi-square for qualitative variables and ANOVA for quantitative variables, to compare campaign years. Concordance was studied between the professional clinical diagnosis of CMI and self-perceived trauma using the Kappa test, sensitivity and specificity. Results: Participants were predominantly older, with low consumption of tobacco and alcohol. The percentage of patients with potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer was 17.2%. Hospital posters and radio broadcasting were the main channels of information to patients. Self-perceived trauma did not agree with the professional clinical diagnosis of CMI. Self-perceived trauma sensitivity and specificity were 0.41 and 0.72, respectively. Conclusions: The level of participation in the CPEDOC by the groups at higher risk of OSCC was low, and the epide- miological profile of the participants did not generally coincide with the profile of patients with OSCC. Self-perception of trau- ma does not seem to be a reliable tool for the diagnosis of CMI (AU)

Diagnóstico educativo sobre salud bucal en escolares de Trinidad / Educational diagnosis on oral health in schoolchildren from Trinidad city

RESUMEN Fundamento: En escolares de 4.to grado están presentes enfermedades bucales y se realizan acciones curativas, mientras que las educativas precedidas de un diagnóstico educativo, son deficientes e insuficientes. Objetivo: Identificar los conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas sobre salud bucal y la eficiencia del cepillado bucodental en los escolares de 4.to grado. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal durante el curso 2020-2021 de la Escuela Primaria Pepito Tey del municipio Trinidad, provincia Sancti Spíritus, con la totalidad (71) de los escolares de 4.to grado. Las variables estudiadas fueron: conocimientos, prácticas, actitudes sobre salud bucal y eficiencia del cepillado bucodental. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico y estadístico-matemático con la aplicación de un cuestionario y una guía de entrevista, para la eficiencia del cepillado se determinó el Índice de Love. Resultados: Se constató el 71.8 % de los escolares con conocimientos insuficientes, el 74.6 % con actitud desfavorable y el 81.7 % con prácticas insuficientes sobre salud bucal, así como el 93 % con cepillado bucodental no eficiente. Conclusiones: Más de la tercera parte de los escolares tuvo conocimientos insuficientes, actitudes no favorables y prácticas insuficientes de salud bucal y la mayoría un cepillado no eficiente.

ABSTRACT Background: Oral diseases and curative actions are present in 4th grade schoolchildren while educational actions preceded by an educational diagnosis are deficient and insufficient. Objective: To identify the knowledge, attitudes, practices on oral health and the efficiency of Oral brushing in 4th grade schoolchildren. Methodology: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out during the 2020-2021 academic course at Pepito Tey primary school in Trinidad city, in Sancti Spíritus province, with all (71) of the 4th grade students. The variables studied were: knowledge, practices, attitudes about oral health and efficiency of oral brushing. Some methods from the theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical level were used with the application of a questionnaire and an interview guide, for brushing efficiency. Results: 71.8 % of schoolchildren with insufficient knowledge were found, 74.6 % with an unfavorable attitude and 81.7 % with insufficient practices on oral health, as well as the 93 % with inefficient oral brushing. Conclusions: More than a third of the schoolchildren had insufficient knowledge, unfavorable attitudes and insufficient practices of oral health and most brushing is not efficient.

Resultados de un programa educativo sobre salud bucodental en niños de grado prescolar / Results of an oral health education programme for pre-school children

RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades bucales son muy frecuentes, pero han logrado disminuir donde se han instrumentado programas educativos. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de un programa educativo sobre salud bucodental dirigido a niños del grado prescolar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en el municipio Sagua la Grande durante el periodo 2018-2019. La población estuvo constituida por 91 niños de grado prescolar de las escuelas primarias urbanas, se trabajó con informantes claves como los padres y docentes de los niños. Se empleó la entrevista y la observación participante para la recogida de la información, así como la técnica de composición y el completamiento de frases. Resultados: Se identificaron deficiencias en el nivel de conocimientos de los niños de grado prescolar sobre salud bucodental, con relación a las categorías: frecuencia y forma correcta del cepillado dental, hábitos perjudiciales y acciones de promoción de salud, demostradas mediante la interpretación de las modificaciones registradas. Los niños incorporaron nuevos conocimientos con relación a su salud bucodental, lo que hizo que se convirtieran en promotores de salud. Conclusiones: Se aplicaron técnicas cualitativas para la evaluación de los resultados de un programa educativo sobre salud bucodental, dirigido al grado prescolar. Se logró modificar conocimientos en los niños de este grado sobre salud bucodental, con relación a las categorías estudiadas: frecuencia y forma correcta del cepillado dental, hábitos perjudiciales y acciones de promoción de salud. La cantidad de enseñanza que reciben los niños ejerce un poderoso efecto sobre su salud bucal presente y futura y sobre su esperanza de vida.

ABSTRACT Introduction: oral diseases are very frequent, but they have managed to reduce where educational programmes have been implemented. Objective: to evaluate the results of an oral health education programme for pre-school children. Methods: a qualitative study was conducted in Sagua la Grande municipality during 2018-2019. The population consisted of 91 pre-school children from urban primary schools; children's teachers and parents were taken into account as key informants. Interview and participant observation were used to collect information, as well as text composition and phrase completion techniques. Results: deficiencies in preschool children's level of knowledge on oral health were identified in relation to the categories: frequency and correct tooth brushing, harmful habits and health promotion actions, demonstrated by the interpretation of the recorded modifications. The children acquired new knowledge in relation to their oral health, which made them become health promoters. Conclusions: qualitative techniques were applied to evaluate the results of the educational programme on oral health, aimed at preschool children. It was possible to modify children's knowledge from this grade on oral health in relation to the studied categories: frequency and correct tooth brushing, harmful habits and health promotion actions. The amount of education children receive has a powerful effect on their present and future oral health and life expectancy.

Effect of oral health intervention program on the self oral care of children attending childcare facilities: a quasi-experimental study

This study aimed to conduct a quasi-experimental study for assessing the effects of an oral health intervention program (OHIP), on the self-management of oral health in children attending childcare centers. The participants recruited were 83 children from two childcare centers, who were allocated to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the OHIP. At baseline, a self-reported survey of parents was conducted. In addition, the oral status of the children at baseline and at 5 weeks was evaluated. Their brushing behavior was assessed once a week and every day during the OHIP intervention period and at home, respectively. After the follow-up at 12 weeks, dental plaque index (PI) was measured and two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed. The PI of the intervention group significantly decreased at week 5, compared to the baseline (1.90 ± 0.53, p < 0.001). Despite a substantial increase in week 12 (2.67 ± 0.08, p < 0.001), the PI was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.37 ± 0.60). The OHIP was effective in reducing the PI and modifying the brushing behavior among children. It is necessary to develop and expand a systematic oral health education program to promote self-management of oral health in children.

A importância das ações em saúde bucal no âmbito escolar / The importance of oral health actions in school

Educação e saúde são indispensáveis para existência do ser humano, estando elas conectadas, já que educação é a base para uma vida saudável. Assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é demonstrar a importância da participação do cirurgião-dentista em atividades de promoção, prevenção e curativas no âmbito escolar com foco na melhoria da saúde dos escolares. Para tal foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, a partir dos descritores "promoção", "prevenção", "escola", "saúde bucal", "educação em saúde", "atividades curativas" e "odontologia", contemplando materiais em português e inglês publicados no período de 2015 a 2021. Devido aos altos índices de doenças bucais apresentados no Brasil durante o final dos anos 90, foram realizadas várias mudanças nas Políticas Públicas de Saúde Bucal. O Programa Saúde na Escola veio com foco de criar vínculo entre saúde e educação, com a inclusão da equipe de saúde bucal na escola, envolvendo durante todo o processo os escolares, os profissionais da educação, as famílias e membros da comunidade local. Um grande desafio para as instituições de ensino é realizar a integração entre os setores de saúde e educação, a fim de desenvolver uma rotina didática para realização das atividades de promoção, prevenção e curativas nas escolas. A execução dos programas educativos/preventivos pode ser realizada com diversos métodos, como escovação supervisionada, aplicação tópica de flúor, palestras, cartazes, teatros, panfletos entre outros. Nas atividades de promoção a saúde no ambiente escolar ocorre o aumento do conhecimento também para os familiares e comunidade modificando hábitos, contribuindo para a diminuição de costumes negativos de saúde. Por fim as ações de promoção e prevenção de saúde nas escolas contribuem para o ganho de hábitos saudáveis que vão acompanhar os estudantes durante toda vida.

Health and education are indispensable for human existence, being are connected, as education is the basis for a healthy life. Thus, the objective this research is demonstrate the importance of dentist in promotion, prevention and curative activities at school setting with focus in the health students' improvement. For this was realize a bibliographic review, by these keywords "Health Promotion", "Prevention", "School", "Oral Health", "Health Education", "Curative Activities" and "Dental", contemplate works in Portuguese and English published in the period the 2016 to 2021. Due to high level of oral diseases presented in Brazil during the last 90', were realize a several changes in the Public Politics of Oral Health. The Health in School Program come with focus in create tie between health and education, with the inclusion to oral health team in the schools, engage during all process the students, professionals, families and the members of local communities. A big challenge for de education institutions is realizing the integration between the health and educational sectors, in order to development a didactic routine for realization to promotion, prevention and curatives activities in the schools. The educative program's execution can be realized with several methods, as supervised grooming, fluor topical application, lectures, theatric, flyers among others. In the health promotions activities happen too the increase in the family and community knowledge, contributing for change habits, as a decrease of oral negative customs. This away, the health promotion and prevents actions in the schools contribute for create of healthy habits, that will take accompany students for all life.

Oral Health Literacy - Adult Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and its Influence on Oral Health Status of School Teachers in Bhubaneswar, India

Abstract Objective: To translate Oral Health Literacy - Adult Questionnaire from English to Odia language and test its psychometric properties and assess its influence on oral health status of school teachers. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed among 400; 116 (29%) males and 284 (71%) female school teachers of Bhubaneswar. OHL-AQ questionnaire subsequent to being translated to Odia language utilizing World Health Organization recommended translation back translation protocol was then tested for the establishment of its psychometric properties with assistance from the selected expert panel of academicians. The oral health status of participants was assessed using the WHO oral health assessment form-2013. Chi-square, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: Internal consistency of OHL-AQ-O was acceptable with an alpha value of 0.70. Test-retest reliability showed almost perfect agreement (ICC=0.90, CI=0.85-0.93) indicating highly reliable translated scale (p=0.001). Overall mean oral health literacy scores were 13.02±1.86, with about 80% belonging to the high oral health literacy level group. Caries prevalence was 78%, with a mean DMFT of 3.04±2.55. Shallow pockets were absent majorly in teachers belonging to the high oral health literacy group (p=0.01). The multiple linear regression model depicted that only the teaching experience variable added significantly to the prediction (p=0.008). Conclusion: OHL-AQ-O questionnaire was found valid and reliable to measure OHL. Further application of the instrument in other communities and populations will support establishing the external validity of the OHL-AQ-O.

Perspectivas educativas em saúde bucal: possibilidades de criação na prevenção e no enfrentamento do câncer / Perspectives of oral health education: possibilities for creation in preventing and coping with cancer

Resumo Diferentes perspectivas acerca dos processos educativos podem indicar maneiras de abordá-los, inclusive no contexto dos processos de saúde e doença. Assumimos que o profissional de saúde é um educador, e essa função lhe permite contribuir efetivamente para a promoção da saúde dos indivíduos e populações. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar, tanto em materiais educativos em saúde bucal, quanto nas vivências de usuários de um serviço odontológico em oncologia, elementos e características do trabalho educativo em saúde direcionado à prevenção e ao enfrentamento do câncer de boca. Tanto o material educativo quanto os dizeres dos pacientes foram tomados a partir das perspectivas que comparecem nos processos educativos em saúde bucal, conforme destacam-se: Tecnicismo, Pragmatismo, Construtivismo, Interacionismo e Pós-estruturalismo. Observaram-se modelos que reforçam uma relação assimétrica e autoritária entre profissionais e usuários, portanto, há necessidade de pensar a prevenção e o enfrentamento do câncer de boca de forma inovadora e poética, por meio de uma linha de fuga às generalizações que massificam o conhecimento sobre saúde bucal.

Abstract Different perspectives on educational processes can indicate ways of approaching them, with include health and disease processes. It is assumed that the health professional is an educator and this activity allows him to effectively contribute in health promotion. This study aims to identify and analyze, both in educational materials on oral health, and in experiences of users of a dental service in oncology, elements and characteristics of health education at preventing and coping with oral cancer. Both educational material and statements were analyzed from the perspectives that predominate in the oral health educational processes, as we highlight: Technicism, Pragmatism, Constructivism, sociocultural theory and Poststructuralism. There is a need to think prevention and health promotion in an innovative and poetic way through a possible way free of generalizations that massify knowledge about oral health.

Daily Toothbrushing Frequency and the Association with Parental Report of Dental Pain and Discomfort in Preschool Children

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of daily toothbrushing frequency on parental reports of dental pain and discomfort in preschoolers. Material and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted involving 376 children between four and five years of age at public preschools in the city of Campo Magro, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a socioeconomic questionnaire that contained a single question on the child's daily toothbrushing frequency and the Brazilian version of the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ-B). Statistical analysis involved bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses (α=0.05). Results: After the adjustments in the multivariate analysis, the prevalence of dental pain and discomfort was lower among children whose last visit to the dentist was for prevention (PR = 4.42; 95% CI: 1.75- 11.14; p=0.002) and those with a higher daily toothbrushing frequency (PR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.12-4.05; p=0.021). Conclusion: A lower toothbrushing frequency is associated with parental reports of dental pain and discomfort in preschoolers. Educational and preventive measures that stimulate an increase in daily toothbrushing frequency can contribute to a better oral health status in preschoolers, consequently, less prevalence of dental pain and discomfort.